Othello: the Story of a Noble Being :: Othello essays

Othello the Story of a Noble Being The William Shakespeare creation Othello sees the demise of a overlord general, as a result of the incessant persuade by his ancient. Let us in this essay present the noble Othello and wherein lay his tragic mistake. Lily B. Campbell in Shakespeares Tragic Heroes describes the unquestioned nobility of the bind off From the first we hear the fact insistently repeated that he is a Moor, that he has thick lips, that Desdemona has elect to go to his sooty bosom. Yet we are told that he is of noble birth, that war and adventure have bee his nurses, that he may be considered a barbarian and tho that the Venetian state has raise him so blue-chip in action that he cannot be expelled, no matter what offence may be found in him. His vaunting has won him his wife his actions have won him the confidence of the state. His noble nature is not questioned even by Iago. (152) Helen Gardner in Othello A Tragedy of knockout and Fortune talks of the heros stupendous personal qualities Othello is like a hero of the ancient world in that he is not a firearm like us, but a man recognized as extraordinary. He seems born to do great deeds and live in legend. He h as the obvious heroic qualities of bravery and strength, and no actor can attempt the role who is not physically impressive. He has the heroic skill for passion. But the thing which most sets him apart is his solitariness. He is a stranger, a man of alien race, without ties of nature or natural duties. His value is not in what the world thinks of him, although the world rates him highly, and does not get ahead in any way from his station. It is inherent. He is, in a sense, a self-made man, the point of intersection of a certain kind of life which he has chosen to lead. . . . (140) Despite the wonderful personal attributes he possesses, Othello still falls prey to the sinister Iago. His credulousness and naivete make this possible. Francis Ferguson in Two Worldviews repri se Each Other describes how Othello carries out Iagos plan of destruction Othello moves to kill Desdemona (Act V, scene 2) with that icy present-day(prenominal) and compulsive course which he had felt at the end of Act III, scene 3.Othello the Story of a Noble Being Othello essaysOthello the Story of a Noble Being The William Shakespeare creation Othello sees the demise of a noble general, as a result of the incessant brainwashing by his ancient. Let us in this essay present the noble Othello and wherein lay his tragic mistake. Lily B. Campbell in Shakespeares Tragic Heroes describes the unquestioned nobility of the Moor From the first we hear the fact insistently repeated that he is a Moor, that he has thick lips, that Desdemona has chosen to go to his sooty bosom. Yet we are told that he is of noble birth, that war and adventure have bee his nurses, that he may be considered a barbarian and yet that the Venetian state has found him so valuable in action that he cannot be expelled, no matter what offence may be found in him. His vaunting has won him his wife his actions have won him the confidence of the state. His noble nature is not questioned even by Iago. (152) Helen Gardner in Othello A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune talks of the heros exceptional personal qualities Othello is like a hero of the ancient world in that he is not a man like us, but a man recognized as extraordinary. He seems born to do great deeds and live in legend. He h as the obvious heroic qualities of courage and strength, and no actor can attempt the role who is not physically impressive. He has the heroic capacity for passion. But the thing which most sets him apart is his solitariness. He is a stranger, a man of alien race, without ties of nature or natural duties. His value is not in what the world thinks of him, although the world rates him highly, and does not derive in any way from his station. It is inherent. He is, in a sense, a self-made man, the product of a certa in kind of life which he has chosen to lead. . . . (140) Despite the wonderful personal attributes he possesses, Othello still falls prey to the sinister Iago. His gullibility and naivete make this possible. Francis Ferguson in Two Worldviews Echo Each Other describes how Othello carries out Iagos plan of destruction Othello moves to kill Desdemona (Act V, scene 2) with that icy current and compulsive course which he had felt at the end of Act III, scene 3.

Comparison of the American and French Revolutions Essay -- American Fr

Comparison of the American and cut whirlings The American and french revolutions both compare and contrast in their origins and outcomes both revolutions began due to the common peoples need to stick independence and liberty from an oppressive government. The American Revolution was triggered by the American colonists need for financial independence from the overpowering nation of Great Britain, while the French revolution was a struggle to gain social equality among the masses. Although the American and French Revolutions were fought over the same ideas, the American Revolution is considered more conservative than the French. The life of the American revolutionaries was not to initiate a revolution, exactly rather to gain their freedom from a long train of abuses, The French however were trying to cook a true revolution they were not just fighting for freedom but instead to over throw and remove the monarchy. The American revolutionaries had no pick but to defend their liber ties the tactics used by the Americans were not as directly aggressive as those used by the French.The American Revolution, beginning in 1776, was initiated due to the tension that existed between the thirteen American colonies and the island of Great Britain due to the war debt Great Britain had incurred when defending American colonists against the French and Indians. As a firmness of purpose to the debt the British began passing legislation, which increased the taxation of American colonies, tightening their control over the colonists. One of the regulations that Parliament passed was the Stamp Act of 1765. This taxed all printed documents, including wills, newspapers, and pamphlets. The colonists felt they were not fairly represented because they held no seat in Britains parliament. The rallying cry for the colonists became no taxation without representation.After years of boycotting and peaceful protest the American colonists could no longer stand the abuse from Great Britain and decided that they had had enough. In 1775 the British troops and American Militia exchanged first shots of the Revolution. On July 4th, 1776, the secant Continental Congress issued the Declaration of Independence, written mostly by Thomas Jefferson. Due to a decisive American victory at Saratoga, the French agree to aid the Americans, mainly because of a longstanding hatred between the French... ...g an impartial solution for all. The National Assembly took the Tennis Court Oath, which stated that no angiotensin converting enzyme was to leave unless a constitution was enacted for France. On August 26th, the Assembly drew up the Declaration of The Rights of Man and citizen. In contrast to the American Revolution, the French Revolution was more wastely approached. Both the American and French revolutions ended with a victory of independence. In the American Revolution, the American colonists gained their independence from Great Britain while the French gained social equality a nd converted from an overpowering monarchy to a republic. They differed, however, by the means in which each set of revolutionaries went about revolting. The American Revolution was less violent and the Americans had attempted to first establish a compromise with King Louis XIV. The French Revolution was much more aggressive the storming of the Bastille and massacre of many French magnanimousness are prime examples of the violent tactics used during the revolution. Both revolutions have not only adequately show the importance of individual and universal rights, but also show two different ways of achieving liberty through revolt.

Cocaine and the Nervous System Essay examples -- Drug Drugs Coke Cocai

Cocaine and the Nervous System All drugs have a negative effect on the nervous system, but few can match the dramatic impact of cocaine. Cocaine is one of the most potent, addictive, and unpredictable recreational drugs, and thus can puzzle the most profound and irreversible damage to the nervous system. The high risk associated with cocaine remains the same regardless of whether the drug is snorted, smoked, or injected into the users bloodstream. In addition to the intense damage cocaine can prepare to the liver, intestines, heart, and lungs, even casual use of the drug will impair the brain and cause serious damage to the central nervous system. Although cocaine use affects many components of the body, including vision and appetite, the most significant damage cause by cocaine takes induct in the brain and central nervous system. Spanish explorers first observe South American natives chewing the cocoa leaf, from which cocaine is derived, when they arrived on the contin ent in 16th century. The South Americans chewed these cocoa leaves in order to stay awake for longer periods of time. Centuries after this initial discovery, Albert Neiman isolated cocaine from the cocoa leaf in 1860. Neiman used this extraction as an anesthetic. Over the ensuing years, cocaine use became increasingly common and was even sanctioned by doctors, who prescribed the drug to wait on recovering alcoholics. Cocaine was even a key ingredient in such popular beverages as Coca- Cola. It was not until the long-term health problems associated with cocaine use emerged that the public realized that the drug was harmful and highly addictive (2). Cocaine is a versatile drug which can be ingested in a compartmentalisation of ways. In its purest form, coc... ...te an artificial high. Cocaine can cause serious damage to the nervous system, as it eats away chunks of the brain and increases blood pressure, heart position and body temperature, often for the rest of the addicts l ife.Sources Cited1)Drug information Cocaine http//www.theantidrug.com/drug_info/drug_info_cocaine.asp2)Cocainehttp//faculty.washington.edu/chudler/coca.html3)The set up of Cocaine on the Developing Nervous Systemhttps//cognet.mit.edu/login/?return_url=%2Flibrary%2Ferefs%2Fnelson%2Fn33%2Fabstract.html4)The Physical Effects of Cocainehttp//www.shesinrecovery.com/addiction/cocaineeffects.html5)As a Matter of Facthttp//www.well.com/user/woa/fscoke.htm6)Crack and Cocainehttp//www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/cocaine.html7)Cocaine Brain Damage may be Permanent http//www.healthy.net/asp/templates/news.asp?Id=6376

The Power of Prayer Essay examples -- Religon Praying Essays

The Power of PrayerIntroductionThere is a great circularise of anecdotal evidence slightly the efficacy of prayer in healing. As mentioned at the beginning of chapter eight in our text, many slew have friends or relatives who recovered from illnesses when someone was praying for them, or who can attest to the power of prayer in other affairs. This makes scientists wonder. Can prayer help heal the sick? Do meditations for the recovery of an ill person, based either on religious faith or on belief in psychokinesis, have any real matter on health? Can science test the power of prayer? Though it requires putting aside the Bibles warning not to test God, several scientists have designed experiments to try to determine if prayer has an effect on patients with serious long-term diseases. Using many of the statistical tools we learned about in our biostatistics course, scientists have designed experiments to compare the health records of patients who receive banal medical care t o those who receive prayer as well as standard care. In our presentation, we looked at two studies of this sort. These studies wanted to test the power of prayer as such, and not the psychological effect of a patient feeling that his love ones are concerned or believing that God will heal him. Accordingly, these experiments were designed using remote intercessory prayer, where the patients were prayed for at a distance by people they did not know. Both tests randomly sorted patients into control and experimental groups though in one case, the computer matched patients into pairs with similar medical conditions, then randomly assign the members of each pair. Both tests were designed to be fully blinded, so that the patients did not know i... ...bborn. Many of Leibovicis proponents have made tried to explain the effect of retroactive intercessory prayer by asserting the non-linear nature of time, which most scientists find ludicrous. The criticisms of these studies make cle ar that correlation does not imply causation and that scientists will be skeptical of data until reasonable explanations are proposed. Until we can find how prayer works, its effects cannot be strongly linked to it, and until we have more data reenforcement the effects of prayer that has been properly collected and analyzed, the scientific community will not give much consideration to the claims of a few enthusiasts. In view about the goals, methods, and problems of these studies, we wonder if a perfect study could be devised, and if such a study returned significant results, what it would prove about the power of prayer.

Windows vs. Macintosh :: Compare Contrast Comparison Computers

Windows vs. MacintoshWindows based computers are more practical, easier to use, and more versatile than Macintosh computers. There has always been much debate all over which is the better placement. There are people who are die-hard Macintosh users, and there are people who are the complete opposite, and naturally people posing somewhere in between. The fact remains that the majority of home and business users own Windows based systems because of their versatility in all areas.More PracticalWindows based computers are more practical for many reasons. Possibly the most prevalent of these being that everybody uses them. When using computers consistency is very important. If everyone is using a certain operating system and software, it is easier to transfer, share, and use the data you create. Windows based systems are the standard in our community, and that is not due to change any time soon.Windows based computers are cheaper, and more well upgradeable than Macintosh system s. The reason for this being that Apple has exclusive rights to the hardware made specifically for their computers. Windows based system hardware is produced by literally thousands of manufacturers. This, of course, means competition, which in turn lowers prices. Macintosh systems are sold (primarily) as a whole system, meaning that the consumer ends up with what Apple has decided should be included in the system. Windows systems, however, loafer be built to the consumers needs, or by the consumer themselves. They could remove which component would be best for them for the price they would pay for it. Most importantly, with a Windows based system consumers could select what components they wish to have based on what they might pay for them.At a Glance AMD offers a high-performance chip at a inexpensive price. If youre a thrifty glomper and dont need the zippiest system on your block, look no further.Processor Price range of a function $125 to $200Pre-fabricated System P rice Range $1,800 to $2,500 Pros Low-price, high performance. PC Magazine tests show systems based on the 450-MHz K6-III are nearly as fast as those based on the 500-MHz Pentium III (though shop wisely, as components can play a big role in K6-III system performance). Cons Solid 3-D performance, though not on par with the Pentium III. fewer manufacturers to choose from. At a Glance In PC Labs tests, the G3-based 400-MHz Power Mac beat a 500-MHz Pentium III on several business and artwork tests.

Windows vs. Macintosh :: Compare Contrast Comparison Computers

Windows vs. MacintoshWindows establish computers ar more practical, easier to use, and more diverse than Macintosh computers. There has always been much debate over which is the better system. There are people who are die-hard Macintosh users, and there are people who are the complete opposite, and naturally people sitting somewhere in between. The fact remains that the majority of home and business users own Windows base systems because of their versatility in all areas.More PracticalWindows based computers are more practical for many reasons. Possibly the most prevalent of these being that everybody uses them. When using computers harmony is very important. If everyone is using a certain operating system and software, it is easier to transfer, share, and use the data you create. Windows based systems are the standard in our community, and that is not due to trade any time soon.Windows based computers are cheaper, and more easily upgradeable than Macintosh systems. The reason for this being that Apple has exclusive rights to the hardware made specifically for their computers. Windows based system hardware is produced by literally thousands of manufacturers. This, of course, means competition, which in turn lowers tolls. Macintosh systems are sold (primarily) as a whole system, meaning that the consumer ends up with what Apple has decided should be included in the system. Windows systems, however, can be built to the consumers needs, or by the consumer themselves. They could select which component would be best for them for the price they would pay for it. Most importantly, with a Windows based system consumers could select what components they wish to have based on what they might pay for them.At a stare AMD offers a high-performance chip at a low-budget price. If youre a thrifty shopper and dont need the zippiest system on your block, look no further.Processor impairment Range $125 to $200Pre-fabricated System Price Range $1,800 to $2,5 00 Pros Low-price, high performance. PC Magazine tests show systems based on the 450-MHz K6-III are nearly as fast as those based on the 500-MHz Pentium III (though shop wisely, as components can play a big role in K6-III system performance). Cons consentient 3-D performance, though not on par with the Pentium III. Fewer manufacturers to choose from. At a Glance In PC Labs tests, the G3-based 400-MHz Power Mac dither a 500-MHz Pentium III on several business and graphics tests.

Am Getting Old Now

Im getting old now is a prose poem. It is quite vibrant and simple and establishs the theme of circle of life. It depicts the poets acceptance of death and links with with his nostalgic memories of his mother. The first part of the poem symbolize his dream while second part signifies that he is close to death. He address death as a long lost friend whom he seeks to meet in the near future. Realizing that he has got less time to give-up the ghost on earth he reminisce his past memories and dream a lot.In his dream he recollects how much love and pride his mother had in him. The poem is very touching and it instills in us the pain we feel when we reminisce about good things long lost. A few Key Points conflict of different cultures tourist comes from modern world, and thinks he can dispose of this irritating beggar. But when she handles she casts a spell, and shows him who is really in control. Woman rooted in w here she lives place with sky and hills, and draws power from them. Things not what they seem adult female has more power than the poet suspects. Poem has a formal structure in triplets (three-line stanzas). Occasional half rhymes ( scratch/ shrine, on/ skin) and full rhyme to mark a pause (crone/ alone). Lines are short but always with type of two stressed syllables, apart from in the final line, where the single stress brings the poem to a full let out. Most joints monosyllables. Poem refers to old woman with third-person pronoun she and tourist with second-person pronoun, you.This makes poem homogeneous an account of real experience, putting reader in tourists place. Coin which woman begs at the start of the poem, gives the ending its enduring image. Tourists flunk is suggested in metaphor of small change, while in her hand indicates that woman has power over him. Her power also suggested by appearance her look are bullet holes, dark spaces with nothing behind. Cracks (lines) in her face turn into cracks in sky, hills and temples, while t he old woman remains invulnerable (shatter-proof). Crone suggests the wizard(prenominal) power of the old woman. CHURCH GOING Larkin starts his poem after making it sure that no ceremony was going on in the Church. It connotes that Larkin himself did not like ceremonies being performed in the Churches, perhaps due to peoples un pushed attitude towards performes, otherwise he would not have said Once Im sure heres nothing going on. When Larkin says Another church, in line soma three, it denotes that he has visited all the churches and all(prenominal) church of the city is empty.Perhaps, he has found some mental tranquility in the present church that is why he made his mind to dumbfound in the Church for some time as it was his habit. There is a beautiful blend of similar and dissimilar objects in the poem. For example in stanza number four, line number 28 after dark and dubious women and in stanza number six, line number 48 suburb and scrub respectively. The ellipses, personific ation, humour, rhetorical interrogatives, transferred epithets, synaesthetic imagery and irony combined make the poem a thing of beauty.The last stanza brings about the final and absolute conclusion. A serious house on serious earth it is pays tribute to churches. Everything of this world may wipe out, even superstition, like belief, must die but the essential uniqueness of churches can neer obsolete and out dated. This final stanza not nevertheless brings about the ultimate message but it also removes the ambiguity of the poem. In the poem the poet asked his readers And what remains when unbelief has gone? . When everything will be annihilated, the church shall renovate humanity.This is a poetic reaction to the failure of organized religions of all traditions, not merely of Christianity, as the word church might lead us to suppose. Traditionally the way of devotion has been pointed out as the method of eldritch pursuit for the ordinary man of this mount up of Kali. And organiz ed religions, even though they are severely afflicted with schisms and sectarian conflicts and even open fights, flourish and pilgrimage itself has become a billion dollar business the world over. But this is a far cry from the real way of devotion.Sri Aurobindo has expounded the nature of this path in his The Synthesis of Yoga. But he has conceded that in the religions of the masses, a most external form of ceremonial worship , has a legitimate role to play. This is said in the light of the tantric gradation of spiritual pursuit which begins at the level of the herd, the animal or the physical being, the lowest stage of its discipline But larger and larger segments of this herd is getting take out from their usual beaten tracks and wandering away from moral ways and seeking solace in drugs and debauchery.This is a clear indication that mankind has come of age, that here after mankind has no use for organized religions of the traditional types. The clergy knows this that is why it resorts to terrorism in desperation. A college professors thread was chopped of by the agents of terror who speak for Islam. And the Christian management of his college had him dismissed. Do you know what he was accused of? He had used the name Muhammad in a question he had set for his students.The question required the students to apply punctuation marks to a passage that reported a conversation between a character named Muhammad and God. And well/hell, the professor got his palm chopped off in the name of the Merciful. If this is religion then religion is doomed. church going is rather reality of life.. according to the present generation church going is just a tradition that they have been following since childhood, so its a part of their practise more than faith. Larkin is not interested in each ceremony or any sort of prayers and priests instead he visits the church when it is silent.He does not have belief in church but cannot stop visiting it. However he still has that res pect for church as he removes his clips of trousers as a mark of respect. Throughout the poem his thoughts reveal his concern for the present as well as future of and wonders what is their fate. It is worth noticing that even though poet is not a believer of these churches, he still continues with his traditions and not only him, in fact most of us do have the same mindset, be it a temple, mosque or church. Therefore the poem is applicable in present era.

Night World : The Chosen Chapter 3

God, it stank.RashelJordan had seen a lot of vampire lairs in her seventeen years, notwithstanding this was probably the mostdisgusting. She held her breath as she stirred up the nest of tattered cloth with the toe of one boot. She couldread the story of this collection of garbage as easily as if the inhabitant had written expose a in full confession,signed it, and posted it on the w both.One vampire. A rogue, an give awaycast who lived on the charge of both the human world and the Night World.He probably moved to anew city every few weeks to avoid getting caught. And he undoubtedly wait oned uni lick any other homeless guy, except that none of the human homeless would be hanging around aBostondock on a Tuesday wickednesstime in early March.He brings his victims here, Rashel thought. The piers deserted, its private, he can spot his time withthem. And of course he cant resist keeping a few trophies.Her foot stirred them gently. A pink-and-blue knit baby jacket, a plaid sash from a school uniform, aSpiderman tennis shoe. All bloodstained. All very small.thither had been a rash of missing children lately. TheBoston police would never disc everyplace where they hadgone-but right off Rashel knew. She felt her lips draw back slightly from her teeth in something that wasnt authentically a smile.She was sensible of everything around her the soft plash of water against the wooden pier, the rankcoppery smell that was well-nigh a taste, the darkness of a night lit that by a half moon. Even the lightmoisture of the cold breeze against her skin. She was aw be of all of it without being preoccupied withany of it-and when the tiny trash sounded cigarette her, she moved as smoothly and gracefully as if shewere taking her turn in a dance.She pivoted on her left foot, drawing her bokken in the selfsame(prenominal) motion, and without a break in themovement, she stabbed straight to the vampires chest. She drove the blow from her hips, exhaling in ahiss as she did it, putting all her strength behind it.Gotta be faster than that, she verbalize.The vampire, skewered same a hot dog, waved his arms and gibbered. He was dressed in filthy clothingand his hair was a bushy tangle. His eyes were wide, full of surprise and hatred, shining as silver as ananimals in the faint light. His teeth werent so much fangs as tusks fully extended, they reached almost tohis chin.I realize, Rashel said. You really, really wanted to kill me. Lifes tough, isnt it?The vampire snarled one more time and then the silver went out of his eyes, leaving totally the look ofastonishment. His body stiffened and slumped backward. It recline still on the ground.Grimacing, Rashel pulled her wooden sword out of the chest. She started to wipe the blade on thevampires pants, then hesitated, peering at them more closely. Yes, those were definitely little crawlythings. And the blankets were exactly as repulsive.Oh, well. Use your own jeans. It wont be the first time.She carefull y wiped the bokken clean. It was two and a half feet long and just slightly, gracefully curved,with a narrow, sharp, angled tip. Designed to perforate a body as efficiently as possible-if that body wassusceptible to wood.The sword slipped back into its sheath with a papery whisper. Then Rashel glanced at the body again.Mr. Vampire was already going mummified. His skin was now yellow and tough his staring eyes weredried up, his lips shrunken, his tusks collapsed. Rashel bent over him, reaching into her back pocket.What she pulled out looked like the snapped-off end of a bamboo backscratcher-which was exactlywhat it was. Shed had it for years.Very precisely, Rashel drew the five lacquered fingers of the scratcher down the vampires forehead. Onthe yellow skin five brown marks appeared, like the marks of a cats claws. Vampire skin was easy tomark tight after death.This kitten has claws, she murmured. It was a ritual sentence shed repeated it ever since the nightshed killed her first va mpire at the age of twelve. In memory of her mother, whod always called herkitten. In memory of herself at age five, and all the innocence shed lost. Shed never be a helpless kitten again.Besides, it was a little joke. Vampires bats. Herself a cat. Anybody whod grown up with Batmanand Catwoman would get it.Well. All done. Whistling softly, she rolled the body over and over with her foot to the end of the pier.She didnt feel like carting the mummy all the way out to the fens, the salt marshes where bodies weretraditionally left inBoston . With a mental plea to everybody who was trying to clean up the harbor,she gave the corpse a final push and listened for the splash.She was still whistling as she emerged from the pier onto the highroad. Hi-ho, hi-ho, its off to work we goShe was in a very good mood.The only disappointment was the constant one, that it hadnt been the vampire, the one shed beenlooking for ever since shed been five years old. It had been a rogue, all right-a depraved junkiewho killed human kids foolishly close to human habitations. But it hadnt been the rogue.Rashel would never forget his face. And she knew that someday she would see it again. Meanwhile,there was nothing to do but shish-kebab as galore(postnominal) of the parasites as possible.She scanned the streets as she walked, alert for any sign of Night People. All she power saw were quiet brickbuildings and streetlights shining pale gold.And that was a shame, because she was in terrific form tonight she could feel it. She was everybloodsucking leechs worst enemy. She could stake six of them earlier breakfast and still be fresh forchemistry first full stop at Wassaguscus High.Rashel stopped suddenly, absent-mindedly melting into a shadow as a police car cruised silently downthe cross-street ahead. I know, she thought. Ill go see what the Lancers are up to. If anybody knowswhere vampires are, they do.She headed for the North End. Half an hour later she was standing in front of a brown stone apartmentbuilding, ringing the buzzer. Whos there?Instead of answering, Rashel said, The night has a thousand eyes.And the day only one, came the reply from the intercom. Hey there, girl. Come on up.Inside, Rashel climbed a dark and narrow stairway to a scarred wooden door. There was a peephole inthe door. Rashel faced it squarely, then pulled off the scarf shed been wearing. It was black, silky, andvery long. She wore it wrapped around her head and face like a veil, so that only her eyes showed, andeven they were in shadow.She shook out her hair, knowing what the person on the other side could see. A tall girl dressed like aninja, all hi black, with black hair falling loose around her shoulders and green eyes blazing. She hadntchanged much since she was five, except in height. Right now she made a barbaric face at the peepholeand hear the sound of laughter behind the door as bolts were drawn.She waited until the door was shut behind her again before she said, Hi, Elliot.Ellio t was a few years older than she was, and thin, with intense eyes and little shiny glasses that werealways slipping off his nose. or so people would have dismissed him as a geek. But Rashel had onceseen him stand up to two werewolves while she got a human girl out a window, and she knew that he hadpractically single-handedly started the Lancers-one of the most successful organizations of vampirehunters on the east coast.Whats up, Rashel? Its been a while.Ive been busy. But now Im bored. I came to see if you guys had anything going. As Rashel spoke,she was looking at the other people in the room. A brown-haired girl was kneeling, loading objects fromboxes into a dark green backpack. Another girl and a boy were sitting on the couch. Rashel recognizedthe boy from other Lancers meetings, but neither of the girls were familiar.Lucky you, Elliot said. This is Vicky, my new second-in-command. He nodded at the girl on thefloor. She just moved toBoston she was the leader of a group on the south shore. And tonight shestaking a little expedition out to some warehouses in kick Hill. We got a lead that theres been someactivity out there.What kind of activity? Leeches, puppies?Elliot shrugged. Vampires definitely. Werewolves maybe. Theres been a rumor roughly teenage girlsgetting kidnapped and stashed somewhere around there. The occupation is we dont know exactly where,or why. He tilted his head, his eyes twinkling. You want to go? Isnt anybody going to ask me? Vicky said, straightening up from her backpack. Her pale blue eyeswere stubborn on Rashel. Ive never even seen this girl before. She could be one of them.Elliot pushed his glasses higher on his nose. He looked amused. You wouldnt say that if you knew,Vicky. Rashels the best.At what?At everything. When you were going to your understand prep school, she was out in theChicago slumsstaking vampires. Shes been inL.A. ,New York ,New Orleans even Vegas. Shes wiped out moreparasites than the rest of us put together. El liot glanced mischievously at Rashel, then leaned toward Vicki.Ever heard of the Cat? he said.Vickis head snapped up. She stared at Rashel.The Cat? The one all the Night People are afraid of? The one theyre offering a reenforcement for? The onewho leaves a mark-Rashel shot Elliot a warning look. Never mind, she said. She wasnt sure she trusted these new people.Vicky was right about one thing you couldnt be similarly careful.And she didnt like Vicky much, but she could hardly turn down such a good opportunity for vampirehunting. Not tonight, when she was in such terrific form.Ill go with you-if youll have me, she said.Vickys pale blue eyes bored into Rashels a moment, then she nodded. Just remember Im in charge.Sure, Rashel murmured. She could see Elliots grin out of the corner of her eye.You know Steve, and thats nyala. Elliot indicated the boy and girl on the couch. Steve had blond hair,muscular shoulders, and a steady expression Nyala had skin like cocoa and a faraway look in he r eyes,as if she were sleepwalking. Nyalas new. She just lost her sister a month ago, Elliot added in a gentlevoice. He didnt need to say how the sister had been lost.Rashel nodded at the girl. She sympathized. There was nothing quite like the shock of first discoveringthe Night World, when you realized that things like vampires and witches and werewolves were real, andthat they were everywhere, joined in one giantsecret organization. That anybody could be one, and youd never know until it was likewise late.Everybody ready? Then lets go, Vicky said, and Steve and Nyala got up. Elliot showed them to the door.Good luck, he said.Outside, Vicky led the way to a dark blue car with bollocks strategically caked on the license plates.Well drive to the warehouse area, she said.Rashel was relieved. She was used to walking the city streets at night without being seen-important whenyou were carrying a rather unconcealable sword-but she wasnt sure that these other three could manage.It took pr actice.The drive was silent except for the murmur of Steves voice occasionally helping Vicky with directions.They passed through respectable neighborhoods and venerable areas with handsome old buildings untilthey got to a street where everything changed suddenly. All at once, as if they had crossed some invisibledividing line, the gutters were full of soggy trash and the fences were topped with razor wire. Thebuildings were government housing determines, dark warehouses, or rowdy bars.Vicky pulled into a parking lot and stopped the car away from the security lights. Then she led themthrough the knee-high dead weeds of a vacant lot to a street that was poorly lighted and utterly silent.This is the observation post, Vicky whispered, as they reached a squat brick building, a part of thehousing project that had been abandoned. Following her, they zigzagged through debris and scrap metalto get to a side door, and then they climbed a dark staircase covered with graffiti to the third gea r floor. Theirflashlights provided the only illumination.Nice place, Nyala whispered, looking around. She had obviously never seen anything like it before.Dont you think-there may be other people here besides vampires?Steve gave her a calm down pat. No, its okay.Yeah, it looks like even the junkies have abandoned it, Rashel said, grimly amused.You can see the whole street from the window, Vicky put in shortly. Elliot and I were here yesterday ceremonial occasion those warehouses across the street. And last night we saw a guy at the end of the street wholooked a lot like a vampire. You know the signs.Nyala opened her mouth as if to say she didnt know the signs, but Rashel was already speaking. Didyou test him?We didnt want to get that close. Well do it tonight if he shows up again.How do you test them? Nyala asked.Vicky didnt answer. She and Steve had pushed aside a couple of rat-chewed mattresses and wereunloading the bags and backpacks theyd brought.Rashel said, One way is to shin e a flashlight in their eyes. Usually you get eye-shine back-like an animals.There are other ways, too, Vicky said, setting the things she was unloading on the bare boards of thefloor. There were ski masks, knives made of both metal and wood, a number of stakes of assorted sizes,and a mallet. Steve added two clubs made of white oak to the pile.Wood hurts them more than metal, Vicky said to Nyala. If you cut them with a steel knife they healright before your eyes-but cut them with wood and they keep bleeding.Rashel didnt quite like the way she said it. And she didnt like the last thing Vicky was pulling out of herbackpack. It was a wooden stratagem that looked a bit like a miniature stock. Two hinged blocks of woodthat fit snugly around a persons wrists and closed with a lock.Vampire handcuffs, Vicky said proudly, seeing her look. Made of white oak. Guaranteed to hold anyparasite. I brought them from down south.But hold them for what? And what do you need all those little knives an d stakes for? It would takehours to kill a vampire with those.Vicky smiled fiercely. I know.Oh. Rashels heart seemed to thump and then sink, and she looked away to control her reaction. Sheunderstood what Vicky had in mind now.Torture.A quick deaths too good for them, Vicky said, still smiling. They deserve to suffer-the way they makeour people suffer. Besides, we might get some information. We need to know where theyre keeping thegirls they kidnap, and what theyre doing with them.Vicky. Rashel spoke earnestly. Its practically unachievable to make vampires talk. Theyre stubborn.When theyre hurt they just get angry-like animals.Vicky smirked. Ive made some talk. It just depends on what you do, and how long you make it last.Anyway, theres no harm in trying.Does Elliot know about this?Vicky lifted a shoulder defensively. Elliot lets me do things my way. I dont have to tell him every littledetail. I was a leader myself, you know.Helplessly, Rashel looked at Nyala and Steve. And saw tha t for the first time Nyalas eyes had lost theirsleepwalking expression. Now she looked awake- and savagely glad.Yes, she said. We should try to make the vampire talk. And if he suffers-well, my sister suffered.When I found her, she was almost dead but she could still talk. She told me what it felt like, having all theblood drained out of her body while she was still conscious. She said it hurt. She said Nyalastopped, swallowed, and looked at Vicky. I want to help do it, she said thickly.Steve didnt say anything, but then from what Rashel knew of him, that was typical. He was a guy of fewwords. Anyway, he didnt protest.Rashel felt odd, as if she were seeing the very worst of herself reflected in a mirror. It made herashamed. It left her shaken.But who am I to judge? she thought, turning away. Its true that the parasites are evil, all of them. Thewhole race needs to be wiped out. And Vickys right, why should they have a clean death, when theyusually dont give their victims one? Nyala deserves to avenge her sister.Unless you object or something, Vicky said heavily, and Rashel could feel those pale blue eyes on her.Unless youre some kind of vampire sympathizer.Rashel might have laughed at that, but she wasnt in a laughing mood. She took a breath, then saidwithout turning around, Its your show. I agreed that you were in charge.Good, Vicky said, and returned to her work.But the sick feeling in the pit of Rashels stomach didnt go away. She almost hoped that the vampirewouldnt come.

Execute a Training Bond Essay

Knowledge is an immeasurable, unique and rich possession which when impacted cannot be retrieved. Knowledge doesnt decrease when it is given, in fact, association is power. Knowing I can be financially independent and comfortable if Im given the opportunity to become part of entrance money bank and also with the knowledge that a training bond can be regarded as the first step to cooperateing me achieve that, then yes, that is the major reason why I want to execute it.I want to execute the training bond program because the incentives associated with it are universal and include increasing ones earning strength and acquiring additional skills and abilities that are attractive to any organization. Training and development are important factors that would help me develop talent, motivation, and leadership skills that go away contribute to a successful personal and professional career. A training bond is an important factor to the success of any organization.As an employee I would li ke to be a valuable asset that will add to the success of the company and I want to execute the training bond because I believe it will help me achieve that. A training bond supports and makes possible the development of new skills and knowledge. I want to execute the training bond because I know it will polish my abilities at various levels within the organization and assist me in developing the necessary skills and proficiency to be successful in my career as well as prepare for new responsibilities.I support the reasonable implementation of training bonds or training agreements simply because I agree that companies moldiness secure the recovery of their training investments. When they send people to training and the employees acquire important skills, they naturally increase their market value. Trained workers are far more(prenominal) attractive to competiting firms than regular run off the mill workers and companies who overlook the importance of tend to poach qualified employe es from their competitors.The Access bank School of banking excellence is a well recognized training platform on the African continent that provides an extensive program which develops the competencies of prospective employees as well as harnesses their commitment to Access bank. In the process of becoming a bona fide and qualified staff of Access bank, I understand that I would be required to undergo a challenging and rigorous training in order to meet the bank standards, training which is second to none in the African and global banking industry and an experience I am looking forward too.

‘It is impossible to not take sides during conflict’ Essay

It is possible to avoid fetching sides during a conflict- Persuasive The statement stating that is possible to avoid taking sides during conflict, is wrong. It is nearly impossible to take sides during conflict. Even if the conflict does not involve you directly, it can impact your life sooner or later. Things such as go to bed and family can affect the ability to be able to take sides during conflict. In the novel the Quiet American, the difficulty of taking sides during war is displayed and is evident in Fowlers and Pyles strange friendship. Additionally, in the novel Fowler and Pyle share a strange friendship. At the commencement of their friendship, Pyle falls in love with Phuong and eventually Phuong chooses to be with Pyle. This leaves Fowler with jaundice because he is left with nothing. However when Fowler discovers that Pyle is partly responsible for the bomb that goes off at the caf he researches the plastic and once he is sure that he is definitely involved and respons ible.Fowler does not hesitate to work with the three men and agrees that Pyle should be assassinated and he takes part. Fowler is left with no choice but to take a side and do something so that Pyle cannot hurt people again. He also considers Phuong and her well-being. Fowlers decision is influenced by his previous friendship with Pyle and his involvement with Phuong, so hence it is impossible to not be involved. When innocent civilians are left to suffer due to a persons ignorance and their impulsive need to make a scene so that a higher up government recognises them, it is hard not to have an opinion or want to be involved. In contrast, when Fowler witnesses the unused and the chronically injured civilians after the bomb has gone off, it is surreal to him.It brings him anger and sickness to know that these innocent people were hurt because of Pyle. Its not a matter of justice. We all get involved in a moment of emotion and then we cannot get out. Fowler could have exposed Pyle a nd told the Vietnam police or someone with high authority but he chooses to take matters into his own hands. There is an exception of those who are ignorant and dont understand the full-of-the-moon extent of the conflict, for example, those of which are children or do not have any input of the mishap. Additionally, people that are scared to have opinions or are nave to the conflict, do not have strong opinions and find it difficult to take a side in conflict.

Sun Microsystems Strategic Positioning

sun MICROSYSTEMS STRATEGIC POSITIONING Susan L. Elvins National American University History, Strategy, transnational Abstract This thesis will hash out the bodily schema of solarize Micro agreements and the aggregate issues they have faced both home(prenominal) and internationally. cheer Microsystems imparts vindicated source softw ar applications and different types of hardware for line of products consumers. A benefit insolate Microsystems exits with new technology to customers is tendering them the cogency to trade ready reckoner parts when upgrading. ii CONTENTSAbstract . ii CHAPTER 1 solarise MICROSYSTEMS INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER 2 sunlight MICROSYSTEMS HISTORY .. 2 History .. 2 Continued Growth .. 2 CHAPTER 3SUN MICROSYSTEMS MARKETING . 4 SWOT Issues . 4 Microsoft vs. insolate Microsystems . 4 CHAPTER 4 SUN MICROSYSTEMS PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY .. 6 software system 6 Servers .. History Conclusion . 6 CHAPTER 5 SUN MICROSYSTEMS CODE OF ETHICS .. 8 Employee Code o f Ethics 8 Employee Relationships .. 9 Anti-Discrimination Policy . 9 CHAPTER 6 SUN MICROSYSTEMS LEGAL ISSUES.. 0 hardware Patents .. 10 CHAPTER 7 SUN MICROSYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL COUNTRY ANALYSIS (ITALY) 11 CHAPTER 8 SUN MICROSYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT .. 12 International Economy Results .. 12 Domestic Economy Results . 12 CHAPTER 9 SUN MICROSYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL DEMOGRAPHICS 13 iii CHAPTER 10 SUN MICROSYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL POLITICS 4 CHAPTER 11 SUN MICROSYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL SWOT 15 SWOT Analysis . 15 CHAPTER 12 SUN MICROSYSTEMS GLOBAL BUSINESS STRATEGIES .. 16 louver Business Level Strategies .. 16 CHAPTER 13 SUN MICROSYSTEMS CHANGE MANAGEMENT . 17 Server Man long timement .. .. 17 CHAPTER 14 SUN MICROSYSTEMS STRATEGIC CHANGE .. 8 crossing put forward 18 Storage Management .. 19 Open Source Management 19 CHAPTER 14 IMPLEMENT PLAN OF CHANGE .. 20 employ switch 20 CHAPTER 16 IMPROVEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS . 1 References .. 22 CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION NATIONAL A merican UNIVERSITY . 25 APPENDIX A PORTERS fin FORCES 26 APPENDIX B GOVERNMENTAL PARTIES 27 iv History, Strategy, International CHAPTER 1 SUN MICROSYSTEMS INTRODUCTION Over the last 26 years, sunshine has built a strong line of products scheme to satisfy commercial and consumer buyers with multiple products.When it all comes down to it, sunlight Microsystems is one of the most delimit and trusted computer manufactures in the globe. This thesis paper discusses the achievements of temperateness Microsystems, Inc. Chapter 2 looks into the history of sunshine Microsystems. Chapter 3 reviews the choice trade strategy of Sun and how they have improved their afoot(predicate) parentage position. Chapter 4 examines what products Sun forgets consumers in software, storage, desktops, workstations, and microelectronics. Chapter 5 discusses the calling code of ethics insurance. Chapter 6 explores the legality of SunMicrosystems. Chapters 7 through 11 discuss the international facil ity of Sun Microsystems in Milan, Italy and chapter 12 explores their spherical business strategies. 1 History, Strategy, International CHAPTER 2 SUN MICROSYSTEMS HISTORY In 1982, four large number got together and built Sun Microsystems, Inc. in Santa Clara, California. The latest date of 2007 annual reports confirms this confederation now has 34,000 employees worldwide. According to Hoovers, the top three executives are Jonathan I. Schwartz, President, CEO and Director, hence Scott G. McNealy, Chairman, and then Gregory M.Papadopoulos, EVP Research and Development and CTO. (Hoovers, 2008) Since 1982, Sun Microsystems has believed, The Network is the Computer to achieve their fraternity success. History In 1983, Sun made enough tax to open operations overseas in Europe. (Sun, 2008) This new overseas office gave many capabilities to what Sun could accomplish. For example, Sun opened their doors in multiple international countries to come along tax revenue. The premier(pren ominal)ly international operations for Sun opened in Canada in 1985 (Sun, 2008). The following year, operations started in Asia then in Australia. Sun, 2008) In 1988, Sun reached their first $1 million dollars in sales revenue, which is a major milestone. (Sun, 2008) In 1990, Sun introduced the first workstation which was a new plateau reached. (Sun, 2008) This workstation brought new strategy into Suns marketing strategy beca habit of opportunity it added. Continued Growth In the late 1990s, Sun expanded their business horizons into hardware then built a T1 host which handled the backbone of the Internet. (Sun, 2008) That same year, Sun completed the Micro, Standard, and Enterprise editions of the Java 2 platform 2 Comment US1 Period follows citation not beforeHistory, Strategy, International 3 application. (Sun, 2008) Java software gives opportunity to developers they previously did not have. This software allows programmers to develop and build ideas more easily. Java is used in net browsers to this day, so it is essential to picture that application stays updated as required. History, Strategy, International CHAPTER 3 SUN MICROSYSTEMS MARKETING The marketing strategy of Sun Microsystems did change as the company increased the product line because with additions they needed to build a correct strategy.The reason for changing the marketing strategy is to compete with businesses just like them. Sun Microsystems has always stopd that their consumers receive the opera hat products and the best in customer ser viciousness. In 1992, a great marketing strategy used by Sun was to reefer with Hewlett Packard and announce new workstations built specifically for technical businesses. As the author of Computerworld magazine stated, The companies are pitching their workstations to different customersSun wants to displace PCs from commercial desktops and HP is focusing on the midrange and high-end workstation user. ( rear endson, 1992, 4) SWOT Issues Just like any other business, Sun has strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Keeping those four key points in mind will provide Sun the instigateance they need to further their possibilities in the world of technology. Sun was able to acquire the program application MySQL. In many technical circles much(prenominal) as networking, the word lamp will be used during a discussion between administrators. An IT article explains how these letters are also read. The letters of lamp each stall for an application used to build a network server Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP. Anonymous, 2008) Microsoft vs. Sun Microsystems Microsoft is a company that many consumers know for the popular operating software they provide, Windows. any(prenominal) may not be sure of legal issues that had taken 4 Comment US2 Magazines and newspapers are in italics History, Strategy, International 5 place between Microsoft and Sun regarding the Java application. A 2004 article put many business owners at ease whe n the authors stated, Just before last Christmas, secret talks aimed at end one of the bitterest wars in business foundered. (Guth & Clark, 2004, A1) The disagreement began on October 1997 when Microsoft was sued for using Java incorrectly. In January 2001, Microsoft and Sun did reach an agreement finally to settle the 1997 case in which Microsoft paid Sun $20 million dollars. (Guth & Clark, 2004) The settlement of this case actually allowed both companies to move forward without regrets. On March 10, 2008, Microsoft and Sun Microsystems met once again and this time it was on better terms. Both companies created an alliance including the grand opening of the Sun/Microsoft Interoperability Center.The center is determined in Redmond, Washington, the same location of the headquarters for Microsoft. unmatchable benefit this center received was the type of Sun server and storage system. The other benefit was the type of Microsoft server software. (Johnson, 2008) History, Strategy, In ternational 6 CHAPTER 4 SUN MICROSYSTEMS PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY Software Sun provides many options to consumers when choosing from software. It is not just operating systems. Sun provides Java and Java Enterprise Systems to the consumers. Consumers have the ability to use Mobile resolvings when they are away from their away from their main computer.Business anxiety software is available on levels of security for identity management or systems management. Software tools to assist database maintenance, application management, and culture production are also available. The latest version of Solaris is Solaris 10 and it was released in 2004. (Sun, 2008) Servers Sun Microsystems has been busy improving since the original SPARC came onto the market. right off consumers have multiple options within this category to chose. For example, a consumer could choose a Blade server, the x64 server, a Netra server, a SPARC erver, an Entry Rack Mount server, a Mid-range server, or a High-End server. Each product has advantages and disadvantages that will match up to a consumers need. If a business still needs to consider options, the Sun web site performs a comparison of the servers. If a business needs something more customized, Sun will provide rack cabinets so the business can build a specialized rack system to meet their own needs. History Conclusion Sun Microsystems provides more than software, main frames, and rack systems to the consumer. Over the last 26 years, Sun has built a strong business strategy to satisfyHistory, Strategy, International 7 commercial and consumer buyers with multiple products. Sun is a business that believes the best way to earn revenue is to stay focused on important issues. Keeping focus on business strategy and consumer needs will beat growth and revenue into prosperity. History, Strategy, International CHAPTER 5 SUN MICROSYSTEMS CODE OF ETHICS In 2001, Sun Microsystems built a Business Conduct Office (BCO) to assist employees and age member s as necessary. (Corporate, 2008) To ensure employees are assisted in the best possible way, Sun keeps this document consistently updated.An employee can contact the human resources incision should they have any questions or concerns. Employee Code of Ethics After employees are hired, they are provided with documentation listing a helpfully written ethics policy each person is required to follow. As an employee, a person is expected to use common sense in the decision-making process. More importantly, Sun requires each employee and board member to follow these company ethical guidelines Be familiar with these Standards of Business Conduct and follow them at all times.Comply with all applicable political laws, rules, and regulations in the performance of their duties on Suns behalf. Be sensitive to situations which could lead to inappropriate business acquit and avoid engaging in such inappropriate business conduct. Comply fully with the letter and spirit of Suns Conflict of Inter est policy and always conduct Sun business in a manner that avoids conflicts between personal interests and Suns best interests. Promptly bring to the attention of appropriate Sun management or Suns Business Conduct Office any known or perceived unacceptable business conduct or illegal behavior. look to appropriate guidance when it is suspected that business conduct issues. 8 History, Strategy, International 9 Always conduct Suns business with honesty and law and refrain from conduct that would negatively impact Suns reputation. (Sun Microsystems, 2007) Employee Relationships Businesses must build a working relationship between their employees just as they do with their consumers. It is also important for employees to know they will always have the respect of their employer at all times. Employees are expected to return the same professional conduct as a courtesy to their employer.In addition to professional standards, Sun has a global anti- disagreement policy that protects emplo yee rights. This anti-discrimination policy serves dual purpose because it protects an employees rights and it prevents discrimination within the company. Anti-Discrimination Policy In the anti-discrimination policy, there are four types of molestation examples. They are verbal torture, visual harassment, physical harassment, and sexual demands. (Sun Microsystems, 2007) An example of verbal harassment is co-worker insults another with explicit jokes or makes sexual remarks towards another person.Visual harassment is considered graphic material whether it is written, printed, or sent through email. Physical harassment is considered more sexual driven as a person intentionally brushes up against another in a way that is unwelcome. Sexual demands are defined as unwanted sexual advances. History, Strategy, International CHAPTER 6 SUN MICROSYSTEMS LEGAL ISSUES Sun Microsystems has a legal department that has the capability to work through multiple situations. For example, Sun took lega l action against Microsoft after discovering their Java code was used to advance Microsofts Internet Explorer.After Sun and Microsoft ironed legal differences in front of a judge in 2004, both companies emerged with new ideas. According to a 2007 article in the Wall Street Journal, Sun has agreed to remove servers that come with Windows installed at the factory. Some customers already run Windows on Suns x86 systems those that use chips from Intel Corp. and Advanced Micro Devices Inc. but had to buy and install the software themselves. (Lawton & Clark, 2007) The executive vice president of Suns systems group stated, This is quite a different situation. (Lawton & Clark, 2007) It is obvious seeing Sun and Microsoft business activities they can flex allies and stick build something new to benefit the consumer. Hardware Patents Another legal issue was resolved between Sun and a company named tailor-made Hardware engine room over a patent dispute. Financial Wire briefly explained this suit in an article because of the delicate legal information involved. This independent service stated, Custom Hardware had filed an antitrust buffetclaim against the charges and was seeking $140 million in damages. (FinancialWire, 2007) Sun settled the counterclaim with an amount that has not been disclosed.Because Sun bargain ford this hardware company, Sun in turn legally owned all rights however one could possibly see why Custom Hardware attempted to sue for counter damages. 10 History, Strategy, International CHAPTER 7 SUN MICROSYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL COUNTRY ANALYSIS (ITALY) This section of the Sun Microsystems research paper discusses the international facility. The global center is located in Milan, Italy. The international center provides consumers the exact services that American customers receive. This section provides economic details of Italy such as employment and unemployment.Other information discussed is things pertaining to demographics and the in store(pre dicate) of how Sun can progressively build its facility in the country. Over the last 26 years, Sun Microsystems has built a strong business strategy to satisfy commercial and consumer buyers with multiple products. When it all comes down to it, Sun Microsystems is one of the most defined and trusted computer corporations across the globe. 11 History, Strategy, International CHAPTER 8 SUN MICROSYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT Sun has built a center in Milan and it is called the Solution Center.They believe it will expand business opportunities, lower development costs, and get products to market quickly. (Sun, 2008) Customers can choose from products such as Solaris and Linux servers, desktop computers, and other types of storage peripherals. Four services available in the Milan Solution Center are proofs-of concept, benchmarks, product and solution demos, and porting. (Sun, 2008) International Economy Results In Italy, the first economic quarterly period was reported as $387,952 m illion Euros. It was presentation a 0. 7% change from the previous quarterly period with a 1. 9% change from the previous year. Italy, 2008) As of May 2008, the employment rate positioning was 23,229 and the unemployment rate was 6. 5%. The total imports of goods and services in May 2008 amounted to $40,150 million Euro. Total exports of goods and services in May 2008 amounted to $39,688 million Euro. SDDS data reported the revenue of 2007 being $724,246 million Euro. (Italy, 2008) The Sun facility is located in Milan, Italy. Domestic Economy Results As of August 2008, Sun Microsystems reported its monetary results. The revenue for the fiscal year was $13,888 billion. Revenue results for Q4 of fiscal 2008 are $3. 780 billion.Net-income for the fiscal 2008 earnings is $88 million. Cash earnings from operations of fiscal year are $1. 3 billion. (Sun Microsystems, 2008) 12 History, Strategy, International CHAPTER 9 SUN MICROSYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL DEMOGRAPHICS On July 2007, a census r eported the population of Italy to be 58,147,733 residents approximately. (Intute-World Guide, 2006/2008) The total residents in the labor might as of 2007 were 24. 86 million. The exports of Italy are engineering products, textiles and clothing, production machinery, motor vehicles, transport equipment, chemicals, food, beverages and tobacco, minerals and nonferrous metals.The country of Italy has boundaries to Austria, France, San Marino, Slovenia, Switzerland and the Vatican City including a coastline that spans 7,600 kilometers. (Intute-World Guide, 2006/2008) There are eight seaports, Augusta, Genoa, Livorno, Ravenna, Sarroch, Taranto, Trieste, and Venice. Italy has one catalyst pipeline and one oil pipeline. Two types of railways and 612 merchant ships are available to carry commercial or industrial cargo. (CIA-The World, 2008) Population According to The World event Book, the population of Italy was 58,145,321 as of July 2008. The median age of the male was 41. 4 years. Th e median age for the female was 44. years. The census of 2001 showed literacy rate for the male population as 98. 8% and the literacy of the female population as 98%. In a census as of 2006, school age expectancy for males was 16 years and school age expectancy was 17 years for females. (CIA-The World, 2008) 13 History, Strategy, International CHAPTER 10 SUN MICROSYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL POLITICS According to the Maps of the World, there are three government components in Italian politics executive, legislature, and judiciary. (Government and, 2008) The executive area is in essence the Prime Minister while judiciary has control over legal power of the country.Italian citizens are permitted to vote at the age of 18. They can choose from a multiple list of governmental parties listed in Appendix B. (Government and, 2008) 14 History, Strategy, International CHAPTER 11 SUN MICROSYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL SWOT Even though Sun has a facility in Italy, a SWOT analysis must be followed to ensure bu siness operations move smoothly. SWOT analysis is defined by Bnet. com as, an assessment of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. SWOT analysis is used within organizations in the early stages of strategic and marketing syllabusning.It is also used in problem solving, decision making, or for making staff aware of the need for change. It can be used at a personal level when examining your career path or determining possible career development. (Cnet Networks Inc, 2008) In essence, the SWOT analysis is used to guide a business with structure and conformity. SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis shows how strengths and weaknesses are internal whereas opportunities and threats are external. Using that philosophy, Sun must keep track of strengths or business advantages at their Milan facility.Sun should consider how to improve the current business status by increasing revenue in the technical market. When a business keeps aware of opportunities, it can improve their status. A fe w examples provided by QuickMBA. com are, an unfulfilled customer need, arrival of new technologies, loosening of regulations, and removal of international trade barriers. (Swot Analysis, 1999/2007) For example, presently Sun has a few facilities with trade barriers so should they be lifted that will allow easier delivery of product and building of revenue.Furthermore, Sun has 10 ecumenic Prohibition restrictions with specific countries and customers. (Sun Microsystems, 1994/2008) These restrictions protect Sun as well as their employees. 15 History, Strategy, International CHAPTER 12 SUN MICROSYSTEMS GLOBAL BUSINESS STRATEGIES The three strategies business owners can choose from when determining what will work best for their business strategy on a global scale are multi-domestic, global, and transnational. The multi-domestic business strategy focuses on all overseas countries the firm has operations.The global strategy focuses on how products are delivered to the countries. Acco rding to Cangemi, a transnational strategy seeks to combine aspects of both multidomestic and global strategies in order to emphasize both local responsiveness and global integration and coordination. (Cangemi, 2008) Five Business Level Strategies Sun builds benefit from the five business level strategies that are cost leadership, differentiation, focused low cost, focused differentiation, and integrated strategy. Sun recognizes five items their business could face while attempting to improve.These items known as Porters Five Forces are competitive rivalry, power of suppliers, power of buyers, threats of substitutes, and threats of new entrants. A visual of Porters five forces is displayed in Appendix A. (Recklies, 2007) Albert Einstein once said, Try not to become a man of success but rather to become a man of value. (Success Quotes, 1994/2007) Sun delivers value to their consumers both domestic and international. Sun has grown to a successful business because of their continuous years of hard work from the CEO and all employees.Sun has proven to succeed in business it takes dedication, communication, and the willingness to work impertinent of the box. 16 History, Strategy, International CHAPTER 13 SUN MICROSYSTEMS CHANGE MANAGEMENT Since 1982, Sun Microsystems has followed a structured business plan of goals for company products, services and higher revenue earnings. The 1980s was a time for many companies to begin automating their systems. While some companies were just beginning to automate, Sun introduced its first workstation for businesses. In 1983, Sun opened the first facility overseas in Europe to expand products and increase revenue.Server Management In 2000, Sun customers who purchased high-end servers experienced a memory glitch erroneousness. Because of the errors location, a statement was released on anonymity. The CIO stated, Sun has taken an aggressive approach to addressing these issues with our customers. We have identified the source of the problem and taken steps to ensure that it does not happen again. (Wagner, 2000, 10) Executives have said even though consumers were requested to sign a nondisclosure agreement to protect proprietary information, Sun plans to releasing a system board before the New Year that should resolve this error.Just as a gardener pull weeds for vegetables growth, Sun executives train forcefulness so they can grow within the business and excel. 17 History, Strategy, International CHAPTER 14 SUN MICROSYSTEMS STRATEGIC CHANGE In December 2002, Sun Microsystems action one more business goal after automation of their data center. Gordon Haff, analyst at Illuminata explains, Making effective use of data-center assets always has been an issue, but its been exacerbated by the technology build-out of a few years ago.People would be very happy with a magic solution that allowed 1,000 servers to be managed as easy as one server, but that doesnt exist today, software developments such as IBMs Projec t eLiza, Hewlett-Packards Adaptive Management Platform, and Sun Microsystems N1 are steps in the right direction. (Greenemeier, 2002) Product Upgrade In April 2004, Sun Microsystems performed a product upgrades to Linux that provided business consumers desktop ease. This Linux version provides a newer version of Enterprise Java desktop. Not only that, system administrators can now control the entire desktop from a central platform.Chris Maresca, senior partner from Olliance Consulting states, The desktop is one of the largest cost components of any modern corporation. When you story on top of that the cost of server-based productivity apps tied to desktops, like Exchange, and you factor in the support costs for the desktops, servers and updates/security patches, plus mandatory hardware upgrades every few years, the migration case becomes even more compelling. (Rooney, 2004) 18 History, Strategy, International 19 Storage Management In 2004, an upgrade that brought positive results to Sun was in the data management department.Sun announced the products StorEdge 6920 and Sun StorEdge 9990 storage devices. Marc Canepa, executive vice president of Sun Microsystems storage products says, We dont think of storage as a separate company that just happens to be owned by Sun Microsystems, just like we dont believe that the strategy to reduce cost and complexity is one of going to a customer and taking over the whole operation. (Fonseca, 2004) Open Source Management The strategy for this project has increased as time progressed because it is a very important product. An example of this is Sun classifying commercial open-source business strategies into four categories.Driver, Feinberg, and Weiss listed them in a Sun Microsystems Open Source 2008 report as Sponsor open-source projects and solutions as an active member of a community, leverage open-source software embedded in other products and services, support and integrate selected products and services with open-sourc e solutions, and provide direct, commercialized products and services of open-source solutions. (Driver & Feinberg, 2008) History, Strategy, International CHAPTER 14 IMPLEMENT PLAN OF CHANGE Sun Microsystems provides a vast amount of products, which support multiple needs of customers.To ensure the best strategy, Sun Microsystems must implement a plan to improve their current strategic position. When a business uses one strategy continuous, employees track down to become complacent then fall into a comfort zone. When Sun implements a new strategy, they could experience some resistance from employees because they did fall into that comfort zone. Implement Change When a business is ready to improve, management needs to be aware of three things, people, communication, and training. As John Kline explains in his article, Implementing organizational change is a difficult and critical task.It has always been that way and is getting more so with the accelerated rate of change in most orga nizations. (Kline, 2007) Employees must be aware of the changes made and how it will affect them. It is important for managers to stay communicated with their staff and keep them informed of any changes as they take place. During the process, managers should be training employees so they are prepared for the new conversion. 20 History, Strategy, International CHAPTER 16 IMPROVEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS Sun has a scheduled budget for research and development.The current strategy has allowed this company the ability to build a strong position in technology. Sun purchased a software company to complete a software collection for service-oriented architecture (SOA). Unfortunately, since this purchase Sun has not regained any lost ground. Sun must research what is currently available for storage management software and reconsider improving the plan for usage in mainframe systems. Sun should make a plan of time to review servers being sold. For example, newer technology will allow the company to provide things which older technology could not.A question Sun Microsystems must consider is how to manage replacements of damaged servers from customers when those particular servers have been replaced with newer models. Perhaps it is an opportunity for Sun to offer their customers a discount in such cases. In conclusion, Sun has built a strong business strategy to satisfy commercial and consumer buyers with multiple products. Because marketing is their responsibility, they must track sales and competition then readjust as necessary. Sun Microsystems is a defined and trusted computer corporation that international and domestic markets will work with. 1 History, Strategy, International 22 References Cangemi, R. R. (2008). The Formulation of an International Strategy. Pace University. p26-4. CIA-The World Factbook Italy. (2008). Retrieved August 11, 2008, from CIA electronic network site https//www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/print/it. hypertext mark-up lan guage Cnet Networks Inc. (2008). SWOT Analysis Definition. In BNet. com. San Francisco Cnet Networks, Inc. Driver, M. , Feinberg, D. & Weiss. (2008). Open Source at Sun Microsystems, 2008 (Research Note G00156448). Denver, CO Gartner. Fonseca, B. (2004, September 20).Sun, HP Focus on Storage aspiration is to simplify SAN management. Eweek, p. 31. Government and Politics in Italy. (2008). San Jose, CA MAP XL Inc. Greenemeier, L. (2002, December 2). Automating the Data Center. InformationWeek (917), 65. Guth, R. A. , & Clark, D. (2004, April 5). Peace Program-Behind Secret Settlement Talks New military force of Tech Customers Microsoft, Sun Bury Hatchet, As Big Clients Demand Products Work Together Gates Spotted in Enemy Camp. Wall Street Journal, p. A1. Hoovers. (2008). Sun Microsystems Executives Data. Available from Hoovers, http// www. hoovers. com/free/co/people. html? ID=14833 Intute-World Guide. (2008). (Original work published 2006) Retrieved August 7, 2008, from Intute Web site http//www. intute. ac. uk/sciences/worldguide/html/ 920_people. html History, Strategy, International 23 Italy Economic and monetary data. (2008) Retrieved on August 9, 2008 from http//www. istat. it/fmi/ITALY-NSDP. htmlReal_Sector Johnson, M. (1992, November 16). Sun, HP Rev Workstations. Computerworld, p. 4. Johnson, R. (2008, March 10). Sun and Microsoft Expand Investment In Interoperability With New Center in Redmond, WA. Sun News. Kline, John A. (2007, January 1).How to implement change in your organization the key communicate, communicate, communicate. The Free Library. Recklies, D. (2007, December 30). Porters Five Forces. The Manager. org. Rooney, P. (2004, April 19). Migrating To LINUX. CRN, pp. 28. Success Quotes Albert Einstein Quote. (2007). (Original work published 1994) Retrieved August 17, 2008, from Quotations Page Web site http// www. quotationspage. com/subjects/success/ Sun Microsystems Export Prohibitions Disclaimer International Trade Services. (2008). (Or iginal work published 1994) Retrieved August 17, 2008, from Sun Microsystems Web site http//www. un. com/sales/its/prohibitions. html Sun Microsystems Reports Final Results for Full Fiscal Year and Fourth Quarter 2008. (2008, August). Sun Newsletter. Sun Microsystems, Inc. (2008). History. Retrieved from Sun Microsystems, Inc. , http//www. sun. com/aboutsun/company/history. jsp Sun Solutions Center Milan, Italy. (2008) Retrieved on August 9, 2008 from Sun Microsystems http//www. sun. com/solutioncenters/locations/milan/ Suns Open Source Experiment. (2008, January). IT Week, 13. History, Strategy, International 24 SWOT Analysis. (2007). Original work published 1999) Retrieved August 17, 2008, from Quick MBA Web site http//www. quickmba. com/strategy/swot/ Wagner, M. (2000, Nov 13). Sun under Fire for Crashes IT Execs Say Server Vendor was Unresponsive Hardware Fix for Memory Glitch is coming. Internetweek, PG10. History, Strategy, International CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION NATIONAL AMERICAN UNIVERSITY GRADUATE STUDIES Submitted to Dr. Richard H Gayer Submitted by Susan L. Elvins Course Strategy and Policy Date of Submission September 11, 2008 Certificate of Authorship I hereby certify that I am the author of this document and any assistance I received in

Refusal Skills Study Essay

1. What are they asking me to do and why? (10 points)To attend a fellowship because he/she said that the party will be so much fun and he/she fates you to arrange.2. Label what they are asking you to do (i.e. illegal, dangerous, etc.). (10 points)To confirm your friend cover for you if your parents call. to do drugs, have sex and drink alcohol.3. Determine the consequences if you get caught or if you participate in this activity. (10 points)If you get caught, you lose all of your parents trust because they didnt want you to go but you did anyway.4. hap my refusal. (10 points)I arset do drugs or drink alcohol, No thank you.5. Say no. (10 points)No, I cant.6. Use I statements. (10 points)Im sorry but I cannt do any of that.7. Suggest an alternative. (10 points)No, But lets go to the park instead.8. Leave the scene and avoid questionable places. (10 points)Im going to call some genius to come and pick me up.Personal Reflections1. Explain how tidy behaviors and choices can positiv ely affect your health status and how unhealthy behaviors and choices will negatively affect your health status. (10 points)Choosing healthy behaviors and choices can really have an positively affect your health status becausing choosing not to smoke or do anything that can harm, makes you feel more(prenominal) alive, more happy, more outgoing and having self control on your actions. But choosing unhealthy behaviors and choices will have an negative afftect your health status because haveing poorly health desicions can damage you and your health, make poor lifestyles, making poorly chioces can make you an unhappy person.2. Compare a time when one of your peers influenced healthy behavior to a time when a peer has influenced unhealthy behavior in your life. (10 points) When one of my peers had influence me to dont do drugs or drink or anything they really influenced my health because they dont want me to have no negative in my life just a positive attittude and be a more happy perso n unlike when one of my friends tryed to get me to smoke like them and drink like them, they tryed for my life to be unhealthy and have unhealthy behavior and they want me to lie to my to my parent at one time.

Teaching as a profession has changed drastically

This is in some(prenominal) event a timely issue in s bulgehern Florida since one of its cultivate territory s gained national attending late because p atomic number 18nts use a social computing machine web forum to develop the company TINT ( Testing is Not learn ) . This grassroots organisation was started by p bents who felt that their kids were being overly tested in the frequent school system. The p atomic number 18nts were joined by instructors and pupils and used the societal web to form protests and mass meetings. Two of the groups purposes were to hold the CAO ( principal Academic Officer ) removed from his place, along with the Superintendent who hired him. The group felt that the CAO was transeunt forbidden a written broadcast , particularly in reading, that all instructors were mandated to follow. This plan was designed to increase runnel tonss on the FCAT ( Florida Comprehensive estimate Test ) , given to all pupils in classs 3 through 10. In the terminal some(prenominal) the CAO and Superintendent resigned and TINT is now closely watching local and national emergences in counselling.In this epoch of high bets proving, territories, schools and instructors depend on the success of their pupils success on standardised outpourings. These trials argon correlated with national and province criterions and argon farther broken down by benchmarks. These benchmarks provide the guidelines for the subject area instructors cover during the school twelvemonth. look for has shown that effectual instructors participate in the planning and implementing of the course of study notwithstanding the authorizations from the Federal, province, and local politicss take the ownership of learning off and replace it with a course of study that is out of their examine. This instance survey impart look at the effects of the high-stakes testing gesture on private instructors and analyze the matters and duties these instructors believe they rich per son in fixing their pupils for the high-stakes testing.This instance survey was designed to analyze the kin between the execution of increased high bets proving and instructor efficaciousness and to reply the inquiry do instructor believe they agree a function or any duty in determining instructional schemes in fixing their pupils for taking high bets trials? The focal point was on analyzing what educational patterns are operative to increase instructor efficaciousness with province mandated standardised testing and looking at schools which reserve implement successful plans to help instructors. Three instructors pull up stakes be audienceed to determine their position in determining instructional schemes within their school that prepare their pupils for the province mandated trials.This qualitative look into designed instance survey lead interview three instructors in humans schools in a territory in South Florida. The interview inquiries will be predetermined and the to pics will hold the chance to read these inquiries before being interviewed. at that place will be four inquiries for each one to reply. These inquiries will be authentic by the interviewer and sign on on the instructor s function sing high bets proving and if it has changed their instruction patterns. They will besides be asked what function they have in their peculiar school in determining instructional schemes for their pupils to win on these trials. The interviewer will both transcribe and tape all the interviews and after(prenominal) the written text is complete it will be given to the instructors for their re approximation.History of testingThe construct of aptitude testing was introduced during World War II as a method of happening the best and most intelligent soldiers for the United States military, ( Schmidt 2008 ) . In the old ages after the war these trials became incorporated into the Ameri arsehole society as a manner to happen persons with superior studious capabl enesss. The sit down was adapted from Yerkes trials for the military and was used by colleges and universities as one figure in determination admittances to their installations. By the 1960 s SAT scores began to worsen, raising political and public concerns about the quality of the plead s educational system. Before this fall, many Americans held a positive position of public instruction in the United States. American instruction was thought to both work out society s jobs and besides endeavor to include pupils from diverse backgrounds, ( wolfram & A Peterson, 2003, p. 4, as cited in Schmidt, 2008 ) . aft(prenominal) publication of the diminution in trial tonss, many Americans became concerned with the province of the American educational system.The standardised testing motion is the consequence of the a series of jurisprudence passed by the state s Presidents, climaxing in 2001 with the transition of No nestling left Behind ( NCLB ) , by so president George W. Bush. Th e authorizations of NCLB have proved to be debatable although basic end was ato create an inducement for pedagogues to guarantee that no one pupil, or group of pupils, is left behind in their reading, linguistic communication, and mathematics abilities . NCLB had legion demands that provinces and school territories had to follow in regularize to have national support. The infantry of the NCLB jurisprudence is that provinces must make AYP ( Annual Yearly Progress ) each twelvemonth. The jurisprudence specified that all(prenominal) province amust develop, and incorporate into their course of study, a standards-based answerability plan that demonstrates student increase degrees in the nucleus capable countries of reading, linguistic communication humanistic disciplines, and mathematics ( Schmidt, 2008 ) . These proficiency degrees are mensural by standardised trials given to all pupils one time a twelvemonth and these trials had to be pass by the Department of Education pri or to being given ( Abernathy, 2007, p.5 Sunderman et. al. , 2005, p. 5 ) . By carry oning annual testing, territories can closely supervise the advancement, or deficiency thereof, of pupils.No Child Left Behind was the latest reproduction of President Lyndon Johnson s reform of educational reorganisation cognize as the ESEA ( Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ) . Both steps stressed the thought that public instruction arequires a federal presence to guarantee academic advancement and academic par for all pupils . Schmidt ( 2008 ) Since the ESEA was passed at that place have been alterations made to its base, with the latest being No Child Left Behind ( NCLB ) The federal authorities has pushovered an of deduction function in altering public instruction in the United States, the motive for these alterations in public schools were motivated because of concerns for America s worsening trial tonss. The two read/write head drifts for alteration were worsening trial tonss on the Scholastic Aptitude Test ( SAT ) and the publication of A State At essay by Terrance doorbell.Three of import causes were named in the passing of the ESEA statute law. The first was the worsening public instauration of pupils on the SAT test. The second was studies conducted during this clip that repeatedly placed the United States in the lowest percentile of overall academic accomplishment when compared with foreign educational systems, ( West & A Peterson, 2003, pp. 4-5 Nichols & A Berliner, 2007, p. 4 ) . The 3rd factor was the relentless accomplishment spread that detached minorities and low-income pupils tonss from kids who came from a more affluent background. ( Nichols & A Berliner, 2007 p.4. & A Kantor, 1991, p. 51 ) .A State at Risk was published 18 old ages after the transition of the ESEA and was written by so Secretary of Education, Terrence Bell Nation at Risk The Imperative for Education Reform in America ( West & A Peterson, 2003 p. 5 Berry , 1993, p. 215 ) . This study focused on the United States low academic accomplishment in venom of the federal authorities s focal point on bettering pupil public presentation in public schools when the ESEA was passed. The study stated that, athe educational foundations of our society are soon being crumble by a lifting tide of averageness that threatens our really future as a State and a people ( Bell, 1983 ) . Furthermore, the United States achieved a low academic rank when compared to other states and the authors of the study believed that America s educational system was in demand of a drastic reform.The publication radius of a series of reforms that the writers believed would areverse the downward spiral of an unequal educational system, ( Schmidt, 2008 ) . The reforms included parental and community exponentiation at local schools, engaging instructors with advanced grades who were more motivated to learn, and a higher degree of conflict from all degrees of authorities . Although this publication did non excite any alterations on the federal degree, it still remained an of import factor in American public instruction. In 1994, so President Clinton passed a reauthorization of the ESEA called Goals 2000. This federal reform plan was thought-provoking in nature since it provided pecuniary inducements for public schools that implemented annually proving to demo student advancement towards proficiency, ( West & A Peterson, 2003, p.7 ) . This plan provided Title 1 schools with afederal support for developing local reformsathe development of standardsaenhanced professional development, bettering in engineering, and alterations in administration for answerability with the end of increasing pupil public presentation in the a nucleus capable countries such as, reading and mathematics ( Fuhrman, 1994, p. 84 ) . Goals 2000 primed(p) the basis for NCLB. It was during this clip that the term answerability became of import since it was used as an induc ement for provinces to get federal financess. This thought was added to NCLB, but President Busch extended the significance by doing the relationship stronger between the federal, province, and local bureaus.Although the answerability prises set Forth by NCLB have proved to be controversial, its basic end of the Act was ato create an inducement for pedagogues to guarantee that no one pupil, or group of pupils, is left behind in their reading, linguistic communication, and mathematics abilities . NCLB had legion demands that provinces and school territories had to follow in order to have federal support. The foundation of the NCLB jurisprudence is that provinces must make AYP ( Annual Yearly Progress ) each twelvemonth. The jurisprudence specified that every province amust develop, and incorporate into their course of study, a standards-based answerability plan that demonstrates student proficiency degrees in the nucleus capable countries of reading, linguistic communication huma nistic disciplines, and mathematics ( Schmidt, 2008 ) . These proficiency degrees are measured by standardised trials given to all pupils one time a twelvemonth and these trials had to be approved by the Department of Education prior to being given ( Abernathy, 2007, p.5 Sunderman et. al. , 2005, p. 5 ) . By carry oning one-year testing, territories can closely supervise the advancement, or deficiency thereof, of pupils.The standards-based instruction reform and answerability motion started in the mid-1980s and raised outlooks of public presentation for U.S. schools ( Buttram & A Waters, 1997 ) . The province of Florida took the enterprise to better K-12 instruction and so regulator Jeb Bush instituted the A+ Plan in 1999. This program was created as a standards-based answerability system, concentrating on bettering the public presentation of all pupils, irrespective of their ethnicity, gender, poorness degrees, native linguistic communication or disablement position. The chief p remiss of the A+ Plan was that every kid can larn and no kid should be left behind ( Executive Office of the Governor, nd. ) .A brief reappraisal of the literature found a clear division between look for workers who found that standardised trials are wakeless vs. those who believe these trials are damaging to education as a whole. Many writers began their Hagiographas by depicting the necessity of standardised testing in today s schools. Bandalos ( 06 ) explained the demand for standardised testing within educational scenes today since these high-stakes trials are the method in which pupil encyclopaedism is assessed and continuously evaluated by instructors, principals, and school territories. Bandalos besides stated that acquisition is the end in all of instruction and the function of appraisal is to assist professionals understand the degree of larning pupils have achieved.Hammeran ( 10 ) besides felt that it was possible to learn to the trial while still covering the of im port course of study for a category. This writer studied learning a scientific discipline plan that was aligned to the National Science Education Standards ( NSES ) . She wrote that since the province criterions spring the national criterions, and standardised trials reflect both the province and national criterions, so concentrating on learning to the trial would guarantee that pupils were having the of import content in scientific discipline category.The significance of the job is clearly discussedThe significance of the inquiry of instructor beliefs in their function in determining instructional schemes to fix their pupils for proving is a timely one in the province of Florida. Performance-based appraisal is now compulsory in many schoolrooms but instructors and parents have become concerned about the authenticity of these appraisals and how assessment information can be used as formative feedback to better instruction and acquisition. Although these newer attacks are driven by a motive to do pupil appraisal informations more utile and meaning(prenominal) than some traditional attacks this alteration was viewed as a positive progress by some enquiry workers while others felt that it was hard to judge the notional benefits of these alterations or to get down to consistently research the nature of instructors schoolroom appraisal patterns. This trouble arises because research workers, protagonists, and specializers in school territories in the state have non arrived at a consistent definition of what these footings mean or what these patterns look like ( Frey & A Schmitt, 2007 ) . access to Footings With Classroom Assessment 2007Bruce B. Frey-University of Kansas, Vicki L. Schmitt-Missouri State UniversityThose who advocate for atest-based accountabilitya argue that it increases pupil success by serving instructors to set more accent on the of import content in their capable country, provides wagess for healthy instruction, and produces informations that is used to do determinations about pupils, instructors, and schools. For such systems to work every bit intended, the policies must advance good direction, and any imparting additions in trial tonss must back up valid illations about increased pupil accomplishment.Research has shown that high-stakes testing does so act upon direction, but these effects are complex and consist both loveable and unwanted alterations in pattern. For illustration, instructors in territories or provinces where high bets are associated with trial consequences tend to concentrate on tried stuff and de-emphasize unseasoned stuff ( see Stecher, 2002 ) . Similarly, research indicates that the additions in tonss on high-stakes trials much generalize ill ( or non at all ) to other trials of the same sphere, raising uncertainties about the limit to which these additions provide valid grounds of improved pupil public presentation ( Klein, Hamilton, McCaffrey, & A Stecher, 2000 Koretz & A Barron, 1998 Koretz, Linn, Dunbar, & A Shepard, 1991 Linn, 2000 ) .The literature on high bets proving is clear sing the history and development of these trials and how they are being implemented in school territories today. Conversely, the literature is divided into two factions-authors who believe that standardised testing is a good step of pupil acquisition and instruction, and writers who feel that high-stakes proving is a negative influence for instructors and pupils. The function that instructors believe they put-on in implementing in determining instructional schemes to fix pupils for proving is non a topic that has much coverage in the literature, but the branchings of learning to the trial is covered. The research inquiry is designed to understand the function instructors feel they play in determining instructional schemes to guarantee that their pupils achieve success on these compulsory province and authorities needed trials. These are the trials that they themselves are held ac countable for the consequences by their schools and territories. If instructors feel they have no function in determining the direction for their ain pupils so for them it will be a affair of learning to the trial . If, on the other manus, they feel in control of direction the term teacher efficaciousness will be applicable to these instructors.Teacher self-efficacy refers to a instructor s belief about his or her expertness in holding a positive consequence on pupil larning accomplishment, Ashton, 1984 as cited in Denzilel, 2005. precedent research conducted in the field indicates that teacher self-efficacy is related to a instructor s success in curriculum invention ( Berman & A McLaughlin, 1977 ) , beliefs about pupils capablenesss ( Ashton, 1984 ) and intelligence ( Klein, 1996 ) , quality of pupil relationships ( Ashton & A Webb, 1986 ) , assurance in working with parents ( Hoover- Dempsey, Bassler, & A Brissie, 1987 ) , clip spent on academic acquisition ( Allinder, 1995 ) , self-efficacy of low-achieving pupils ( Midgley, Feldlaufer, & A Eccles, 1989 ) , and the instructor s ability to keep pupils accountable for their acquisition and public presentation ( Ashton & A Webb, 1986 ) .In the original Rand surveies, teacher self-efficacy was measured by inquiring two inquiries ( a ) When it comes right down to it, a instructor actually ca nt make much because most of a pupil s motive and public presentation depends on his or her place environment , and ( B ) If I try truly difficult, I can acquire through to even the most hard or unmotivated pupils . The first inquiry was hypothesized to measure instructors result outlooks, typically labeled learning efficaciousness ( TE ) . In contrast, the 2nd point was hypothesized to reflect personal instruction efficaciousness ( PE ) . From this position, TE relates to a instructor s outcome outlooks and PE is based on the instructor s judgements of his or her personal ability to act upon pupil acquisiti on. Early Rand research workers grounded teacher self-efficacy in Rotter s ( 1966 ) venue of control concept and placed important accent on outcome outlooks and personal duty when construing efficaciousness tonss. Later, Ashton and Webb aligned the concept with a societal cognitive theoretical position of self-efficacy ( 1977, 1978 ) . In contrast to the venue of control position, the social-cognitive attack emphasizes the dealingss between efficaciousness beliefs and outcome outlooks. Harmonizing to Bandura, result and efficaciousness beliefs are related but can be conceptually and through empirical note differentiated ( 1986, 1997 ) . For Ashton and Webb, TE and PE represent steps of result outlooks and efficaciousness outlooks, severally.Teacher efficaciousness can be affected by the function they play in fixing pupils for mandated standardised trials. Author Kenneth Vogler ( 2006 ) stated in his article that in the past instructors were merely accountable to their decision make rs and local school boards. It was those local boards that developed the course of study every bit good as the criterions for their school system. Now, instructors, every bit good as decision makers, are being held accountable to the populace for the academic public presentation of pupils in their charge.Standardized testing is a world in south Florida and that fact is non altering in the predictable hereafter. Students, parents, and instructors have mobilized to alter the importance and weight of these trials, but there is still FCAT blackout where no schools are allowed to take field trips, no personal yearss are given to instructors, and no conferences are held by the territory. After the blackout comes FCAT season where schools are on practical lock-down until all the testing is complete. From personal experience, instructors are be by the additions their pupils made, particularly in reading, math, and scientific discipline. When the CAO was in office, each instructor rece ived a countersign to be completed that twenty-four hours. Sometimes the day-to-day book was 15 pages or longer. All of the control was taken away with respect to instructional schemes and learning to the trial began on the first twenty-four hours of school. The research says that this focussed instruction can be positive or negative. The focal point of this survey is to involve instructors if they fell they have control fixing their pupils for these high-stakes trials and to analyze what works in their readying and which countries they feel they have no control in direction. The consequences will be good to both the school and territory as we struggle to equilibrate the ends set Forth by the authorities with our pupil s single demands.Teachers RESPONSES TO HIGH-STAKES test AND THE VALIDITY OF GAINS A PILOT STUDY. Daniel M. Koretz CRESST/Harvard Graduate School of Education Laura S. Hamilton CRESST/RAND EducationComing to Footings With Classroom Assessment 2007 Bruce B. Frey-U niversity of Kansas, Vicki L. Schmitt-Missouri State UniversityBritish Journal of Educational Psychology ( 2005 ) , 75, 689-708, 2005 The British Psychological Society www.bpsjournals.co.uk. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Teacher Efficacy Scale for prospective instructors.Gypsy M. Denzine1* , John B. Cooney2 and Rita McKenzie31 Union Arizona University, USA2University of Northern Colorado, USA3Buena Vista University, USA